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Vol. 19 (2016 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2016-1/2
Yakovlev A. P., Mikhailyuk A. L., Grigor'ev V. F.
Evaluation of changes in the behavior of the grey seal exposed to the electromagnetic field
of extremely low frequencies (0.01–36 Hz)
The paper presents the initial results of researching influence of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior of the grey seal. The authors have defined the frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic field which being exposed cause the changes in the behavior of the animal (the greatest deviation from the background values). The methodology of the experiment has been worked out and the criteria of evaluation of changes in the grey seal behavior in response to the electromagnetic field exposure with extremely low frequency characteristics have been proposed
(in Russian, стр.0, fig. 0, tables. 0, ref 0, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 20 (2017 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2017-20-2
Yakovlev A. P., Grigoriev V. F.
Change of physical activity of the grey seal when exposed to the magnetic field with frequencies of 2, 18 and 36 Hz for 1–4 hours
The results of studies of motor activity of the grey seal when exposed to magnetic fields with frequencies equal to 2, 18 and 36 Hz for 1–4 hours have been presented. The data have been obtained using the methods of continuous logging and registration of certain behavioral manifestations. As the evaluation parameter of motor activity of seals the estimated ratio of emersions per minute has been selected. It has been shown that depending on the frequency of the generated magnetic fields and duration of exposure in this animal, the motor activity of the seal can both be oppressed and increased significantly. The influence of the magnetic field with the frequency of 2 Hz on grey seal for 1–4 hours causes an increase in motor activity of the animal during the period of its exposure; before and after the exposure to MP the number of acts of emersions has been much lower. The effect of MP with the frequency of 18 Hz depends on its duration on the animal: exposure for 1–2 hours causes an increase in motor activity of the seal as during the impact, and at its termination; more prolonged exposure (3–4 hours) causes a decrease in motor activity in the period of MP impact and a sharp increase in acts of emersions after the termination of MP generation. The influence of the magnetic field with the frequency of 36 Hz depends on the duration of its effects on the animal: the exposure over 1 hour causes a reduction in motor activity during the MP exposure and after the cessation of its effects; longer exposure (2–4 hours) causes a rise in the number of acts of emersions as during the MP generation and after termination of its impact on the animal. Experiments with the "imaginary effect" confirm the validity of the obtained data as during all four experiences some significant fluctuation of animal motor activity has been observed.
(in English, стр.7, fig. 5, tables. 1, ref 12, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 21 (2018 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2018-21-2
Zaytsev A. A., Yakovlev A. P., Zavoloka P. A.
Changes in activity of harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) in the spring – summer period in conditions of aviary keeping
The results of research on changes in active forms of behavior of two representatives of harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben, 1777) in the spring - summer period in conditions of aviary keeping by analyzing its quantitative characteristics have been presented. Material for this paper was gathered within a series of observations on Murmansk Marine Biological Institute's aquacomplex in Polyarny, 2011. Method of "recording individual behavioral manifestations" was used as the main method of observation. The following characteristics have been used as parameters for assessing animal behavior: the mean duration of apnea, the mean duration of animal being on surface, the number of surfacing per minute, the percentage of being underwater and on the surface from the total budget of time, the percentage of being on platform and resting in water from total budget of time. A comparison has been made between the behavior parameters of each animal, and the individual characteristics of their behavior have been described. The gathered data have allowed us to consider possibility of influence of some environmental factors on behavior of harp seals. The impact assessment has been carried out based on the values of the following factors: temperature of water, temperature of air, wind speed, atmospheric pressure level. The statistical analysis has not revealed any significant dependencies between animals' behavior changes and such factors as atmospheric pressure. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient has shown the presence of feedback between the surfacing rate and the water temperature for both animals, and also a positive connection between the mean duration of apnea and water temperature for one animal and the air temperature for other.
(in English, стр.8, fig. 3, tables. 7, ref 10, adobe PDF, adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 22 (2019 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2019-22-2
Yakovlev A. P., Zaytsev A. A., Ishkulov D. G., Grigoriev V. F.
The influence of low-frequency electromagnetic field on the operability of gray seals
Gray seals are widely used in biotechnical systems for various purposes. In the study of the effect of an artificial electromagnetic field (EMF) with 8 Hz frequency on the performance of gray seals, the method of conditioned reflexes has been used (one of the most informative for experimentally studying the functional state of the higher divisions of the Central nervous system). Two adult female grey seal have been used in the experiment; two series of experiments have been conducted for each individual gray seal. The first series of experiments has been conducted in the conditions of natural (background) geomagnetic field. During the second series of experiments, individuals of gray seals have been affected by an artificial electromagnetic field throughout the training. The criterion for assessing the effect of EMF on the operability of animals is the implementation of skills due to their behavior. During the study, the following parameters of instrumental reflexes have been monitored: the average retention time of the target pointer (the Target command); average target search time (the Search command); total time spent on training; the number of mistakes made by the seal per workout. It has been shown that experimental animals are characterized by similar properties of higher nervous activity. Experiments without exposure to an electromagnetic field have shown comparable values of the target index hold time, target search, and the number of errors made. When conducting training with the effects of artificial low-frequency electromagnetic field, the animals were more excited, made more errors when executing commands; the target pointer hold time was significantly reduced, and the target search time increased by one and a half times. Thus, when exposing gray seals in the artificial electromagnetic field with the frequency of 8 Hz, an annoying, alarming effect of this field has been observed manifesting itself in a decrease in the effectiveness of instrumental conditioned reflexes that means reducing the operability of gray seals.
(in Russian, стр.9, fig. 3, tables. 2, ref 26, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)